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Indentation hardness tests are used in mechanical engineering to determine the hardness of a material to deformation. Several such tests exist, wherein the examined material is indented until an impression is formed; these tests can be performed on a microscopic or nanoscopic scale.
Microindentation hardness testing (or microhardness testing) is a method for measuring the hardness of a material on a microscopic scale. A precision diamond indenter is impressed into the material at loads from a few grams to 1 kilogram. The impression length, measured microscopically, and the test load are used to calculate a hardness value. The hardness values obtained are useful indicators of a material's properties and expected service behaviour. Conversions from micro indentation hardness values to tensile strength and other hardness scales (e.g., Rockwell) are available for many metals and alloys.
Nanoindentation is a type of mechanical indentation testing that is performed on small areas. Nanoindentation is a method for measuring the hardness, plasticity, and elasticity index of minute quantities of materials. It can be used to test raw materials, composite interactions, nanomaterials, thin films, and surface coatings.
Nanoindentation is an effective approach in which a defined indenter tip is forced into a specific spot in the test sample, increasing force is applied, and gradual unloading is conducted until the required depth is achieved. Before unloading, the resting section is provided, which enables the material to relax.
